The increasing alignment between Russia and Iran is a significant development in global geopolitics. Their newly announced strategic partnership is the culmination of years of cooperation, particularly as both nations have faced intensified Western sanctions. This agreement underscores their shared commitment to safeguarding regional influence, strengthening economic resilience, and countering Western dominance on the international stage. Rather than being just another diplomatic arrangement, the partnership signals a broader shift toward a multipolar world where alternative power centers continue to gain traction. This having been said, the treaty mainly formalizes and strengthens existing ties and falls short of a full military alliance.

Geopolitical Context

The Russia-Iran partnership is evolving against a complex geopolitical backdrop, particularly in the Caucasus, Central Asia, and the Middle East. In the Caucasus, both countries are aiming to counter Turkey’s growing influence, especially in the aftermath of Azerbaijan’s 2023 victory in Nagorno-Karabakh. This victory marked a turning point in the regional balance of power, weakening Armenia’s traditional reliance on Russia and prompting Yerevan to pursue stronger diplomatic and economic ties with the West. Russia, once the dominant player in the region, now faces new challenges in maintaining its influence, as its role as Armenia’s primary security guarantor comes into question amid growing Western involvement and Azerbaijan’s strengthened position.